While, studying the Stone Age we have to see that the human beings are not stayed permanently in place. Even though in the Neolithic were settled in the permanent place and engaged in the agricultural activities for their living they have to compulsion to an ambulant for various reasons like famine, natural calamities and for the better amenities. This is an indisputable fact that from the beginning of the Stone Age even still the human beings are moving place to place.




They have migrated to the many places, in the Continentals and in particular they have to select abundant places where they in the Western countries, USA and in Eastern countries like Malaysia, Singapore. Some of them have to send for an indenture laborers.

In this session we have to see about Fiji is situated on the east of Australia in the South Pacific Ocean with more than 300 scattered islands. More than 100 islands are inhabitants. Its total area is 7,056 square miles. The main inhabitants of this land are Indians and Fijians.

According to Mrs.Thulasi Gopal a famous writer, who has dwelled in Fiji for more than seven years writes in her travelogue that the major industry of that island is farming the sugar cane plantations.

The British East India Company needs more and more laborers to build their colonies where they hold two third of the world. It would be learnt that the Sun never sets in the British Empire. In the beginning of the seventeen and nineteenth centuries there found new place, islands were to live and govern. Fiji became a British colony in 1874.

Fiji an island were contained more than 300 islands in it. Along with only 100s have an evidence that to trace the habitants for living. According to Thulasi Gopal a famous travelogue writer , who dwelled in Fiji for more than seven years writes in her book that the major industry of that island is farming sugar cane plantations.

This clearly shows that the large number of the Indians were used in to this island as an indenture workers in to this sugar cane plantations. We have enough evidence about the migration of Tamils from the South.

This will help to the readers to understand that why the British have deployed Indians to Fiji?

Why the British brought the Indians to Fiji?

Governor Sir Arthur Gordon served in Mauritius and Trinidad. He had a lot of experiences in this lands. He transferred to Fiji as Governor. He said that he not like to interfere the customs of the native. He also served in Fiji. He further added that Indian labors are hardworking people and they do not demand more wages.

Therefore, in his view, in a highly populated country like India, where there was unemployment and poverty and which was under British rule it was easy to get cheap labour.



The Arkatis the British company’s agents painted rosy pictures about Fiji to the poor laborers who lived in the British colonies and enticed to take them to the Fiji islands. In this way they have succeeded to bring the cheap laborer to their sugar cane fields.

Notably these laborers who moved to these unknown islands from their kith and kin have crushed in the unknown soils with harsh and cheap wages.



Mr.Bala Ganapathy Tamil Advisor to Fiji government gives the following data. Fiji total population is 6,78000. In this Madrassis 1,16000. About 70000 or 80000 Tamils. This is an approximate figure in 1995.The request of the Tamilnadu government has refused, by the Fiji and it does not give any original figure of the total population of Tamils.

An interesting notes while seeing about the Tamil teaching in Suva the capital of Fiji.

At the earlier time, say during the beginning of the indenture there were no schools for Indian laborers children. Of course, some Christian missionaries started schools for the children but this has taught only in English. At this time some Hindu missionaries and many interested social organizers come forward to teach Tamil languages to the children.



Sri Swani Manoharanandha head of the Arya Samaj propagated the religion including the Indian education.

Mr. K.S. Raman built a Tamil school in Rakki Rakki district. Sadhu Kuppusamy worked in the year 1921 for four years .His first student were Doraisamy,Kuppan,Perumal Chetty,Raj Gounder and Ramasami Nidu. Mr. Sanjeevi Reddy in 1921 donated 5 acres land to construct a school buildings. In this school Srimaan. Manikka Reddy father kanna Kanniappa Reddy and Singiri Naidu worked as teacher. Tamil and Telugu languages taught in this school.

By Sivashanmugam. Karur. Tn. India.



continue...




shansnrmp

Can Tamils follow the Tamil culture in abroad?


We have evidence of Tamils contact with the Romans and even Americans from the earliest period. But we don’t have memories of Tamil settlements in these countries during the ancient period. Scholars also infer that the imperial Cholas of the later days must have travelled as for as Mexico. However on the basis of dependable evidence we can say that large scale Tamil migration to African, West-Indian Ocean islands began to take place only in the 19th century.



chat clearly shows the countries suppliThe following ed by total Emigration from Madras Presidency.To Mauritius Bourbon (Reunion) 1874 -75 : 5,844

,, Ceylon--------------------------------------------: 17,227

,, British Burmah---------------------------------: 264

,, West Indies--------------------------------------: 3,043

,, Other places ------------------------------------: 3,614



With pitiable that all these migrate are lost their identity except Ceylon.

Interestingly seen, now after two centuries this chat is increasing as on dated 31 Mar 2011, say up to 80,000 H-1B visas alone. Under, the H-1B cap, U.S. Companies selected our youths for skilled works.



Unfortunately, these migrates were attracted by the life style and mounting salaries of this country. In this, no parents are kept away from this theory. As, the head of the family it is common to give better chances to give their kids. But they didn’t or doesn’t think about the demerits of this life. The main reason of not caring about the other aspects is that their kids yearnings are lot.



However, some parents worried about their kids who are residing in U.S.A. This applied to Europe, Gulf and African countries.

This is an important thing, to know the categories of visas.



American Government issues visas in various categories like Tourist visa, H1B and L-1 visa. Apart from this lot of higher study visas are given by the U.S.A. Here, there are no problems in the L-1 visa holders, because their companies took all responsibilities. They could not stay long term in this country.



Until these, problems are not arising to their parents. Whenever their kids or one of the family members induced or advised to stay or get P.R. the problems will begin.



In, the H1B cap there some risks meanly about their future. When compare to others these Peoples gets the P.R. easily, say within five to seven years. After, getting the P.R. they tried to bring up their kids in the western styles. This will damage their families and ours culture.



All parents having the confidence to them. They have trust upon the kids that he or she is not going out of culture. This may be true because they have brought up in Indian soil. But the question arises about their hereditary. This is really tough to the green card holders to brought their children as in Indian culture. What they are going to do? Are they going to allow the hardship to their native the way of settling in these brain drain country ?



Conclusion.



Obviously, one of my two sons is in U.S. as senior software consultant in Deloitte. Six years back at the beginning when he started his service it gives very pleasant to me. But after the first grand-daughter born we feel some pain in our hearts. While, thinking about our grand-daughter's future we have fear. Because, that situation is not well to her. In this circumstances what we are going to do?



I am leaving an unanswered questions before me with in the hope, may find solutions for this in the future.



By sivashanmugam.India.

HISTORY OF PALLAVAS

Though the Pallavas have ruled South India 700 years, this is hard to trace out their origin. We have come to conclusion about their history only in vague. Here with humble I have try to give only the outline of their history with my available materials.




Pallavas ruled South India from A.D. 400 to A.D.1000.Say from the beginning of the fourth century; they have contributed various arts and architectures to the nation. This dynasty has an important role in the history.It has many vital turning points.



There is lot of controversies over the origin of the Pailavas. Some view that the Pallavas were of Persian origin. Some consider that they were the feudatories of the Satavahanas. There are others, who view that they were the natives of Tondaimandalam.



Srilankan origin



''Tamil literature relates the story of Chola king Killivalavan who moved his capital to Uraiyar after the destruction of the Chola capital of Puhar. Mudaliyar C. Rasanayagam of Colombo claims that Killi Valavan had a liaison with the daughter of Naga king Valaivanam of Manipallavanam (in Jaffna peninsula) in Ceylon. From this union was born a child who was named Tondaiman Ilantirayan whom his father, Killi Valavan, made the ruler of a territory which was named Tondamandlam with capital at Kanchi. It is pointed out that name Pallava derives from the last syllable of Manipallavanam , the land of prince’s mother''.



We have to leave all these controversial to the historians’ decision... Because, it may be affect the main stream of this article. Anyhow, it clearly proofs that this dynasty have observed the Tamil culture.



According to the Karnel Macancy’s notes we came to know that there was a war between Thondaiman Chakravarthy and Visuvasurasan. In this Visuvasurasan succeed Thondaiman Chakravarthy and captured his country. Here after the king Pappa Devan the successor of Visuvasurasan ruled over this country. He contributed so many gifts to the temples. All, these are founds in copper scripts. Most of the plates are in Pragrutham and Northern languages.

In the earlier stage of Sadhavaganap Perarasar’s rule all the availed scripts were in the Pragrutha language. All these materials have proofed that they were the president of the Southern parts of Sadavagana’s dynasty .Then they captured Aruvavadathalai country and introduced agriculture.

Though this has been taking deviation of the theme of this article, this is an important to know about the Prakrit language… Pragrutham-Prakrit or Pracit became literary language patronized by kings identified with the Kshatriya caste…The earliest extant usage of Prakrit is the corpus of inscriptions of Asoka.

Here after Kanchi, which is prominent in education and arts were there capital. They have called themselves as Pallavas… There is no evidence that these peoples are Bharathvasa Gothirathar. The Thalakunda stone script clearly shows that these descend are Chatriyas.

With the help of their scripts, the historians were separated their period in three parts.

1. Early Pallavas

2. Medieval Pallavas

3. Later Pallavas.


Though the Pallavas have ruled South India 700 years, this is hard to trace out their origin. We have come to conclusion about their history only in vague. Here with humble I have try to give only the outline of their history with my available materials.




Pallavas ruled South India from A.D. 400 to A.D.1000.Say from the beginning of the fourth century; they have contributed various arts and architectures to the nation. This dynasty has an important role in the history.It has many vital turning points.



There is lot of controversies over the origin of the Pailavas. Some view that the Pallavas were of Persian origin. Some consider that they were the feudatories of the Satavahanas. There are others, who view that they were the natives of Tondaimandalam.



Srilankan origin



''Tamil literature relates the story of Chola king Killivalavan who moved his capital to Uraiyar after the destruction of the Chola capital of Puhar. Mudaliyar C. Rasanayagam of Colombo claims that Killi Valavan had a liaison with the daughter of Naga king Valaivanam of Manipallavanam (in Jaffna peninsula) in Ceylon. From this union was born a child who was named Tondaiman Ilantirayan whom his father, Killi Valavan, made the ruler of a territory which was named Tondamandlam with capital at Kanchi. It is pointed out that name Pallava derives from the last syllable of Manipallavanam , the land of prince’s mother''.



We have to leave all these controversial to the historians’ decision... Because, it may be affect the main stream of this article. Anyhow, it clearly proofs that this dynasty have observed the Tamil culture.



According to the Karnel Macancy’s notes we came to know that there was a war between Thondaiman Chakravarthy and Visuvasurasan. In this Visuvasurasan succeed Thondaiman Chakravarthy and captured his country. Here after the king Pappa Devan the successor of Visuvasurasan ruled over this country. He contributed so many gifts to the temples. All, these are founds in copper scripts. Most of the plates are in Pragrutham and Northern languages.

In the earlier stage of Sadhavaganap Perarasar’s rule all the availed scripts were in the Pragrutha language. All these materials have proofed that they were the president of the Southern parts of Sadavagana’s dynasty .Then they captured Aruvavadathalai country and introduced agriculture.

Though this has been taking deviation of the theme of this article, this is an important to know about the Prakrit language… Pragrutham-Prakrit or Pracit became literary language patronized by kings identified with the Kshatriya caste…The earliest extant usage of Prakrit is the corpus of inscriptions of Asoka.

Here after Kanchi, which is prominent in education and arts were there capital. They have called themselves as Pallavas… There is no evidence that these peoples are Bharathvasa Gothirathar. The Thalakunda stone script clearly shows that these descend are Chatriyas.

With the help of their scripts, the historians were separated their period in three parts.

1. Early Pallavas

2. Medieval Pallavas

3. Later Pallavas.

In the earlier stage of Sadhavaganap Perarasar’s rule all the availed scripts were in the Pragrutha language. All these materials have proofed that they were the president of the Southern parts of Sadavagana’s dynasty .Then they captured Aruvavadathalai country and introduced agriculture.

























































Though this has been taking deviation of the theme of this article, this is an important to know about the Prakrit language… Pragrutham-Prakrit or Pracit became literary language patronized by kings identified with the Kshatriya caste…The earliest extant usage of Prakrit is the corpus of inscriptions of Asoka.

























































Here after Kanchi, which is prominent in education and arts were there capital. They have called themselves as Pallavas… There is no evidence that these peoples are Bharathvasa Gothirathar. The Thalakunda stone script clearly shows that these descend are Chatriyas.

























































With the help of their scripts, the historians were separated their period in three parts.

























































1. Early Pallavas

























































2. Medieval Pallavas

























































3. Later Pallavas.




















































































There is lot of controversies over the origin of the Pailavas. Some view that the Pallavas were of Persian origin. Some consider that they were the feudatories of the Satavahanas. There are others, who view that they were the natives of Tondaimandalam.





















Srilankan origin





















''Tamil literature relates the story of Chola king Killivalavan who moved his capital to Uraiyar after the destruction of the Chola capital of Puhar. Mudaliyar C. Rasanayagam of Colombo claims that Killi Valavan had a liaison with the daughter of Naga king Valaivanam of Manipallavanam (in Jaffna peninsula) in Ceylon. From this union was born a child who was named Tondaiman Ilantirayan whom his father, Killi Valavan, made the ruler of a territory which was named Tondamandlam with capital at Kanchi. It is pointed out that name Pallava derives from the last syllable of Manipallavanam , the land of prince’s mother''.





















We have to leave all these controversial to the historians’ decision... Because, it may be affect the main stream of this article. Anyhow, it clearly proofs that this dynasty have observed the Tamil culture.





















According to the Karnel Macancy’s notes we came to know that there was a war between Thondaiman Chakravarthy and Visuvasurasan. In this Visuvasurasan succeed Thondaiman Chakravarthy and captured his country. Here after the king Pappa Devan the successor of Visuvasurasan ruled over this country. He contributed so many gifts to the temples. All, these are founds in copper scripts. Most of the plates are in Pragrutham and Northern languages.









In the earlier stage of Sadhavaganap Perarasar’s rule all the availed scripts were in the Pragrutha language. All these materials have proofed that they were the president of the Southern parts of Sadavagana’s dynasty .Then they captured Aruvavadathalai country and introduced agriculture.









Though this has been taking deviation of the theme of this article, this is an important to know about the Prakrit language… Pragrutham-Prakrit or Pracit became literary language patronized by kings identified with the Kshatriya caste…The earliest extant usage of Prakrit is the corpus of inscriptions of Asoka.









Here after Kanchi, which is prominent in education and arts were there capital. They have called themselves as Pallavas… There is no evidence that these peoples are Bharathvasa Gothirathar. The Thalakunda stone script clearly shows that these descend are Chatriyas.









With the help of their scripts, the historians were separated their period in three parts.









1. Early Pallavas









2. Medieval Pallavas









3. Later Pallavas.

Paruvam+Pona+%28M.G.+Ramachandran+%26+Saroja+Devi%29-+Ta

video_player_embed_code_text

rithika

கலிப்பா என்பது தமிழில் உள்ள செய்யுள் வகைகளுள் ஒன்று. இன்று கிடைக்கும் பழந்தமிழ் நூல்களுள் கலித்தொகை மட்டுமே கலிப்பாவினால் ஆன நூல் ஆகும். இதைவிடக் கலம்பகம் எனப்படும் நூல் வகையில் முதற் செய்யுளாகவும் கலிப்பாக்கள் காணப்படுகின்றன.

கலிப்பா துள்ளலோசையை அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்டது. துள்ளலோசை, சீர்களுக்கு இடையே அமையும் கலித்தளையால் விளைவதால், இத் தளையே கலிப்பாவுக்கு உரியது. எனினும் கலிப்பாவில் கலித்தளை மட்டுமே வரவேண்டும் என்ற கட்டுப்பாடு கிடையாது. இதில் கலித்தளையே அதிகமாக இருப்பினும் பிற வகைத் தளைகளும் வரலாம். கலிப்பா பொதுவாக அளவடி எனப்படும் நான்கு சீர்களைக் கொண்ட அடிகளைக் கொண்டிருக்கும்.

Happy pongal

shansnrmp Sivashanmugam
Turmeric bunch with mango leaves
Sweeten with sugarcane..
Newly pot get over flown with Pongal.
This is the silky and warmth day.

...Hold the sugarcane and behold the beauty
Glimpse of eyes and smiling with faces
Funny talks in the sunny day..
Celebrating happy pongal in this day.

This is the pongal for newly wedded
and for the old genarations..
Pongal for the young ones..
and for the Tamil world.
shivayadav

Happy Pongal

shansnrmp Sivashanmugam
Turmeric bunch with mango leaves
Sweeten with sugarcane..
Newly pot get over flown with Pongal.
This is the silky and warmth day.

...Hold the sugarcane and behold the beauty
Glimpse of eyes and smiling with faces
Funny talks in the sunny day..
Celebrating happy pongal in this day.

This is the pongal for newly wedded
and for the old genarations..
Pongal for the young ones..
and for the Tamil world.
shivayadav

sivakumaraney

மதுரைமா நகர் வாழும் என்
நண்பா சிவ குமார உன்
முத்தான புத்தாண்டு வாழ்த்து
பார்த்தேன் சுவைத்தேன் மகிழ்தேன் !

கற்றது பெருக்கி நற்றமிழ் வளர்க்கும்
சைவத் திருமறை யோ(ன்) நீ !
உற்றது வேண்டி பெற்ற(து) நன்
சைவத் திருமறை யாம்கேட்டு நாளும்
நலம் விளைந்திடும் அருட் பாவே!

நவில் கூறும் நடை அழகில்
சுவை ஊரும் தமிழ் அமுதே !
சைவ நெறி உன் உயிர்
(உன்)னுயிர் போயினும் நெறி வழுவா
ஏந்தலே! அய்யனே! நீவிர் நலம்
பல பெற்று சைவம் காத்து நிற்க
அருள் புரிவானே அந்த ஆறுமுகனே